托福阅读模拟题(3)
Jazz has been called “the art of expression set to music”, and “America’s great contribution to music”. It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of fairly widespread public response, in the “jazz age” of the 1920s, in the “swing era” of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891.
What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Actually, many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn’t even read music at all. Generally speaking, these early musicians couldn’t make very much money and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as “hot Jazz” due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive.
A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music.
1. The Passage answers which of the following questions?
(a) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues lose popularity after about 1900?
(b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it differ from other forms of music?
(c) What has been the greatest contribution of cornet players to music in the twentieth century?
(d) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced the development of Blues music?
2. According to the passage, 
《托福阅读模拟题(3)》一文由中国教育站www.cneduz.com摘录,版权归作者所有,转载请注明出处!托福阅读模拟题(3)
;Jazz originated in
(a) Chicago
(b) St. Louis
(c) along the Mississippi river
(d) New Orleans
3. The word “welded” in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(a) squeezed
(b) bound
(c) added
(d) stirred
4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a new form of musical expression?
(a) the use of cornets
(b) “hot Jazz”
(c) improvisation
(d) New Orleans
5. The word “skeletal” in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(a) framework
(b) musical
(c) basic
(d) essential bsp;talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music.
1. The Passage answers which of the following questions?
(a) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues lose popularity after about 1900?
(b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did
it differ from other forms of music?
(c) What has been the
greatest contribution of cornet players to music in the twentieth century?
(d) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced the development of Blues music?
2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in
(a) Chicago
(b) St. Louis
(c) along the Mississippi river
(d) New Orleans
3. The word “welded” in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(a) squeezed
(b) bound
(c) added
(d) stirred
4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a new form of musical expression?
(a) the use of cornets
(b) “hot Jazz”
(c) improvisation
(d) New Orleans
5. The word “skeletal” in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(a) framework
(b) musical
(c) basic
(d) essential erms is defined in the passage?
(a) “improvisation” (line 12)
(b) “traditional” (line 12)
(c) “composer” (line 12)
(d) “score” (line 14)
Questions 12-21
The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about
it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that
it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth.
The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon’s gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution&n
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《托福阅读模拟题(3)》一文由中国教育站www.cneduz.com摘录,版权归作者所有,转载请注明出处!托福阅读模拟题(3)
bsp;of mass in the Moon (essentially,
it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth’s gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth.
It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km.
The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect
it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the e